scribbling is the child's first artwork
scribbling (mark making) stage
babies that smear food are learning to scribble
pounding a marker on paper is an early variation of scribbling
a child that can grab your finger is old enough to hold a crayon for scribbling
how to work with children who scribble on walls

Disordered
(first scribbles) 

Longitudinal


Circular

Naming
(becoming verbal)
(becoming symbolic)
Motivation
Provide Materials

Use noise questions
Use kinetic questions
"Does your marker like to dance" "Does the crayon like to skate?"
"How fast can it spin?"

Use direction 
questions
"Does the crayon go up the paper? Down the paper?"

Use size and color
questions

Use shape questions: "Does the marker make a circle?"

Utilize sounds, 
noises, music

Do not worry about "pictures" because for the child much of scribbling is not visual as much as it is motion and action
Materials
For growth, materials
need good 
line contrast. 
Maximize use of 
Dark and Bright 
on white
Examples are:
Markers,  Crayons 
Thick Paints
firm bristle brushes 
Clay and similar modeling materials, wet chalk on dark paper
Wet Sand. 
Blocks - natural wood and colored. 
Sorting sets of Color, Texture, Shape.
Puzzles

Minimize use of transparent watercolor, soft hair brushes, and finger-paints because they are harder to see and it is harder to learn the connection between action and result
For More Growth

Ask for the story of 
the picture. 

Encourage verbalization, explanation. 

Ask about under, 
over, which is bigger, smaller, sad and happy.

Ask if there is any more that they want to add? 

Ask where to place their name?

 
to>preschematic picture
to>thinking picture
to>x-rato>introductiony picture
to>quest for order
to>scribble information
preschematic information
to>schematic information
  All rights reserved.  This page © Marvin Bartel.  
For permission to make copies or handouts, e-mail the author. 
Sources:
Many authors and researchers in art education have written about the stages of artistic development.  
Viktor Lowenfeld made many observations and described the stages in his book, Creative and Mental Growth.  The 4th  edition of Creative and Mental Growth by Viktor Lowenfeld and W. Lambert Brittain. 1964 includes a  summary with charts describing the development stages in Chapter 13. pages 395 to 402.